Sheet music / Arrangements for String Quartet, Chamber Orchestra, violin, piano, harp. Notes. on the material, in no particular order: My approach to arranging. Some. of the quartet arrangements have an optional organ part, the most likely. Recordings. (live, or from sampler output) of these pieces in Mp. Some. frequently asked questions answered: I. A Sense of Scale: String Theory. By Peter Tyson; Posted 10.28.03; NOVA; The strings of string theory are unimaginably small. Your average string, if it exists, is.I find myself answering the most pressing ones. If you are in. the U. S., feel free to call (this also makes the process of. A string orchestra is an orchestra consisting solely of a string section. The instruments of such an orchestra are most often the following: the violin, which is. Twenty years ago, NASA scientists and their colleagues announced they had spotted possible signs of Mars life in a meteorite. The claim ignited a scientific. View and listen to String Quartet and other Chamber Music sheet music arrangements from the catalogue of the Gyros String Quartet. PDF. files is by far the most commonly used method of sending the music. Some music will require actual printing and shipping, but those occasions are relatively. As far as payment goes, Pay. With John Travolta, Andie MacDowell, William Hurt, Bob Hoskins. Two tabloid reporters checking out a report of the Archangel Michael living with an old woman find. Pal (widely used on Ebay, whereby you can. An automated system for. I have. found that the overwhelming majority of inquiries require some sort of customization. Prices. depends very much on the selection, but ranges typically from $1. For. multiple orders I will apply a discount as well. There. is no predetermined formula, I make it up on the spot. Effects on Well- being and Quality of Life. Fifty years ago the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as the . In its definition the WHO acknowledged that an individual who is technically . Physical well- being assumes the ability to function normally in activities such as bathing, dressing, eating, and moving around. Mental well- being implies that cognitive faculties are intact and that there is no burden of fear, anxiety, stress, depression, or other negative emotions. Social well- being relates to one's ability to participate in society, fulfilling roles as family member, friend, worker, or citizen or in other ways engaging in interactions with others. The WHO declaration resonated with ongoing developments in the social sciences as theoreticians recognized the need for multiple indicators in assessing health and treatment outcomes (Bergner et al. These efforts led to definitions of . The model proposed by Wilson and Cleary (1. These factors are not independent but may be reciprocally connected. For example, a diabetic patient with symptoms of depression may experience a rise in serum glucose as a result of less vigilant glucose monitoring; the depression may then lead to a deterioration in physical and social activities. Most importantly, measures of biological and physiological factors are often inconsistent with patients' own reports of symptoms, ability to function, general health perceptions, and overall quality of life. In the wake of these developments in general medicine, researchers began to elaborate multidimensional models of . As Gift and Atchison (1. Oral- facial pain and loss of sensorimotor functions limit food choices and the pleasures of eating, restrict social contact, and inhibit intimacy. Oral complications of many systemic diseases also compromise the quality of life. Problems with speaking, chewing, taste, smell, and swallowing are common in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease; oral complications of AIDS include pain, dry mouth, mucosal infections, and Kaposi's sarcoma; cancer therapy can result in painful ulcers, mucositis, and rampant dental caries; and periodontal disease is a complication of diabetes and osteoporosis. Prescription and nonprescription drugs often have the side effect of dry mouth. The ability to measure the quality of life has the practical value of guiding policymakers, health service researchers, epidemiologists, program evaluators, and clinicians interested in the effects of interventions. The measures can also provide useful information to patients and family members, third- party payers, and employers. For example, measures of the ability to perform activities of daily living may indicate areas where the patient is able and competent, as well as areas where further therapy may be helpful. This chapter reviews oral- health- related quality of life findings along functional, psychosocial, and economic dimensions, taking into consideration the influence of cultural and spiritual values. The results of studies in which investigators asked adults how they value their oral health and whether they are satisfied with their oral health care are included. The study of the association between oral health and quality of life is a relatively new but rapidly growing field. A variety of questionnaires have been designed to assess oral- health- related quality of life, and the chapter concludes with a discussion of their use in surveys and analytic studies, and their potential importance in outcome research. THE CULTURAL CONTEXTThe determination of the health- related quality of life of an individual is implicitly made against a cultural background that includes a set of values, standards, customs, and traditions associated with a particular society. Decisions about whether to seek care from a dentist, a physician, or other care provider may be influenced by cultural or ethnic perspectives and understanding (Aday and Forthofer 1. Andersen and Davidson 1. Davidson and Andersen 1. Diehnelt et al. 1. Kiyak 1. 99. 3, Lee and Kiyak 1. Different population groups differ in the way they think about health, and in how they define a health problem, determine its seriousness, and decide whether to seek care. In one cultural setting a painful tooth may be enough to motivate care seeking. In another, bleeding, swelling, or fever may be necessary before care is sought. Similarly, decisions about whether to comply with a suggested treatment regimen, whether to engage in self- care, and whether to return for a follow- up appointment are also culturally influenced. The anthropology and ethnography literature is rich in references to the ways in which different cultures at different times and places have regarded the human body (Hufford 1. Kleinman 1. 97. 9). Cultural beliefs regarding the body, health, and disease are often embedded in religious or spiritual traditions, which in turn may govern how diseases and disorders are regarded and treated. A brief description of Western and non- Western perspectives follows. Cultural Models. In the medical model typical of Western society the body is partitioned into organs and systems, each with identifiable functions. The body is seen as functioning well unless disease disrupts it. Diseases in themselves are understood to be invariable across cultures. The medical model has traditionally dichotomized body and mind/soul/spirit—science and magic. Such a perspective sees the body as relatively objective and value- free, immune to nonsomatic influences. That perspective began to change with the pioneering work of Hans Selye in the 1. Mc. Ewen 1. 99. 9). Research in the intervening half century has confirmed the reciprocal connections of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, not only in relation to stress, but also in terms of the effects of emotions and cognitive processes on health status. The model that has emerged as a new paradigm in the study of health and disease incorporates biological with psychological and social factors. This biopsychosocial model is defining agendas for research in such fields as behavioral medicine and psychoneuroimmunology. Social and psychological factors are routinely incorporated into health assessments, the better to describe the quality of life. Other societies hold views of the body strikingly different from the medical model. In some cultures, individuals and their care providers conceive of the body as the union of soul and soma. Illness may occur as a result of a . Some people accept pain as an inevitable part of illness, a necessary evil, or even punishment for past iniquities or shortcomings and may shun pain- relieving drugs (Zborowski 1. Many pragmatically combine cultural, folk, complementary, and alternative healing practices with participation in conventional care delivery systems. A recent survey indicates that over 5. Americans sought nontraditional therapies for a number of ailments (Eisenberg et al. Traditional beliefs are often comforting and satisfying to individuals (Selikowitz 1. Certainly, Western culture and science have not always improved the quality of people's lives (Harris et al. Dietary changes to refined foods have been associated with dental caries (Godson and Williams 1. Navia 1. 99. 4), obesity, and other deleterious health changes (Selikowitz 1. The marketing of tobacco products has added to the burden of cancer and heart and lung problems worldwide. Migrations from traditional community rural life to urban centers have been associated with family disruption and violence, drug abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, and hypertension in developing countries. On the other hand, Western science may inform some cultural groups that certain traditional child- rearing practices can be detrimental to oral health (Kolasa 1. Scheper- Hughes 1. Early childhood caries is a form of tooth decay with complex etiologies. Researchers studying high rates of infant caries among some cultural groups are exploring the extent to which traditional means of soothing crying babies or handling bedtime routines play a role, as well as investigating prenatal nutrition and transmission of infection from caregiver to child (Febres et al. Kelly and Bruerd 1. Ripa 1. 98. 8, Tinanoff and O'Sullivan 1. People who hold different cultural perspectives may distance themselves from Western, scientific worldviews (Lee et al. Health professionals who understand indigenous or local healing practices and concepts are better able to motivate patients and thereby enable them to integrate elements from various healing systems (Kleinman 1. America is undergoing major demographic changes, with the expectation that at some point before 2. Henderson et al. As these changes occur, cultural elements that now reflect minority groups may become more accepted and dominant. However, cultural values are neither static nor omnipotent in shaping people's lives. Furthermore, individuals within a culture manifest their cultural identity in different ways. Therefore, both the direction of these changes and their effects may be hard to predict. ORAL- HEALTH- RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE DIMENSIONSMultiple factors act and interact in determining one's quality of life, as Wilson and Cleary (1. Thus the idea of assessing quality of life along multiple . The following sections explore several dimensions, beginning with effects along functional and psychosocial dimensions and concluding with a discussion of economic effects on quality of life. Functional Dimensions. Investigators have reported on the effects of dental and craniofacial diseases on the ability to eat and enjoy the full range of dietary choices. The impact of less- than- optimal oral health also has been studied in relation to sleep problems, primarily in relation to oral- facial pain. Eating. Both dental and systemic diseases can profoundly affect appetite and the ability to eat, and hence can compromise overall health and well- being.
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